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M. wilcoxii Tourney ex Schumann, Gesamt. Kakt., 545 (1898). Source: The description was drawn up from an imperfect specimen which came from Orcutt', collected by Tourney, probably in Arizona. Neotype: USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., several miles SW of Benson, desert grassland, 4500ft, 22 Feb. 1976, D. A. & A. D. Zimmerman 2788, fl. in cultivation, fr. from same plants (POM 322896). Synonym: M. meridiorosei Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin in CSJA 50:177 (1978).
Series ANCISTRACANTHAE. Simple, depressed, shortcylindric, c. 5cm diam., pale green; tub. 5:8, rather lax. conic, 56mm, obliquely truncate; ax. naked. Cent. sp. 1, hooked, brown, paler below; rad. sp. 14-16, thinly subulate, white, the medial longest, to 10mm. (Schumann's description).
Comprehensively studied in the field by D, A. Zimmerman &
A. D. Zimmerman I in CSJA 49:23-34. 51-62.1977). It differs from
M. wrightii [var. wrightii] in having statistically fewer central spines (av. 1.6, compared with 2.3), and more radialsl 12-30, av.
20. compared with 8-20, av. 13), somewhat smaller flowers (av.
3.5 x 2.9cm, compared with 4.5 x 3.5cm), and smaller fruits (615mm diam., compared with 12.5-26mm), and it occurs at lower elevation (1050-1500m, in desert grassland, whereas M. wrightii occurs at 1500-2400m in various floristic associations; cf. Benson, Cacti of the United States & Canada, 902. 1982). M. wrightii is a plant of central New Mexico and adjacent Arizona, whilst M. wilcoxiioccurs in SW New Mexico, SArizona.NSonora and adjacent Chihuahua (see distribution map, Zimmerman & Zimmerman, I.e. 59).
Zimmerman & Zimmerman conclude that M. wilcoxii merits varietal status only, and are followed by Benson. It is, however, a geographical (not a horticultural) variety, and would probably be treated by European botanists (and many Americans) as a subspecies. Since the distribution area does not apparently overlap with that of M. wrightii, and the two taxa are now so clearly circumscribed (along with M. viridiflora), students of Mammillaria may find it simpler to treat all three equally, as species.
M. meridiorosei Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin was a superfluous redescription of M. wilcoxii. The authors claimed that M. wilcoxii had been misinterpreted by the Zimmermans and Benson, and that the 'true' M. wilcoxii was actually what Britton & Rose had called M. viridiflora. Being the earlier name, M. wilcoxiiwould displace M. viridiflora, andM. meridiorosei would be the new name for M. wilcoxii sensu Benson. A lengthy paper by Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin in support of this recipe for confusion was rejected by the Cactus & Succulent Journal (US), but later published, unrefereed, in the Journal of the Mammillaria Society (JMS 19:44-54, 58-64, 72-78. 1979, JMS 20:2-5. 1980). They treated the topic as if it were a matter of taxonomic judgment, but their case was lost from the outset on a technicality of nomenclatural procedure: they proposed to reject Benson's neotype, and proposed instead that a Tourney collection from Bowie, Arizona, dated 20 Dec. 1896 (US 535383), should be the 'lectotype' of the name M. wilcoxii. This is inadmissible, since Schumann, who published and validated Tourney's manuscript name, did not see the Tourney specimen himself.
When this was pointed out (Hunt in JMS 20:60-61. 1980), Pierce & Schwerin continued to insist that Tourney was the publishing author, claiming that Schumann and later Orcutt had ascribed the description to him. But they did not; only the name. There is no reason to suppose that Schumann's reference to 'Mamillaria Wilcoxii Tourney msc. bei Orcutt means Tourney had given Orcutt more than the name.
It would have been open to Castetter et al. to argue for rejection of Benson's choice of neotype on taxonomic grounds, and they could even have suggested one of the Tourney specimens as the new neotype. But Zimmerman & Zimmerman (I.e. 61) regarded all the Tourney material as 'too poorly preserved and/or of insufficient material for positive identification. All lack adequately preserved flowers [disputed by Castetter, Pierce & Schwerin, I.e.
19:581
and were collected in regions of known or probable distributional overlap between two different taxa'.

M.
wildiana Otto ex Pfeiffer (M. wildii: Craig' 152)

M.
wildii A. Dietrich in Allg. Gartenz. 4:137 (1836). Source: Mexico, without locality. Received at Berlin, according to Otto


(I.e. 138), from the Hanover Reise-Verein and from Mr Zepnick, horticulturist at Frankfurt, and named for Mr Wild, medical inspector at Kassel, 'long famous amongst plant-lovers for his magnificent gardens and his manifold contributions to the culture especially of alpine plants'. Type not extant.
Series STYLOTHELAE. Clustering, with terete, obtuse tub. to 10 x 4-6mm;ax. with long hairs. Cent. sp. 4,8-10mm, one hooked and 3 erect, pale yellow, later dirty brown; rad. sp. 9, 6-8mm, bristly, white. Fl. 8-10mm, excluding the pericarpel; outer segments whitish with brownish red midstripe, inner transparent white; stigmas 5, yellowish-greenish. Fr. obconic, brownish red I mature?].
Familiar in cultivation, and common around the barranca of the Rio Grande east of Metztitlan, whence it was reported (asM. wildiana) by Ehrenberg (in Linnaea 19:344. 1846; cf. Bradleya
3:73. 1985) 'at 5000-6000ft [1500-1800m| on lava debris and basalt scree, or occasionally growing on Prosopis and Acacia trees'. Hemsley (Biol. Centr. Amer., 527. 1879) thought the 'Rio Grande1 mentioned by Ehrenberg to be in Oaxaca, but it was certainly the one that rises nearTulancingo and flows through the great Barranca.
M. williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J. Coulter iLophophora williamsii)
M. winkleri C. F. Foerster (Coryphantha pyenacantha: Craig 350)
M. winterae Boed. in MDKG 1:119, with fig. (1929) (as 'winteriae'; spelling to be corrected in accordance with ICBN, Art. 73). Source: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey, widespread in hot situations on various soil types. Sent by F. Ritter from Saltillo, at whose instigation Boedeker named the species after Ritter's sister Hildegard.
Series MAMMILLARIA. Simple, depressed-globose, to 2030cm diam.; tub. quadrangular, to 15 x 15-25mm; ax. naked at first, later rather densely white-woolly, without bristles. Spines 4, the upper and lower to 30mm, the lateral to 15mm, all stoutacicular, straight or somewhat curved, pale grey or faintly reddish, brownish-tipped. Fl. c. 3 x 2.5cm, outer segments brownish red with broad yellowish white margins, inner yellowish white with whitish margins and pale sulphur-yellow midstripe; stigmas 5-9, greenish yellow. Fr. clavate, pale red; seeds pale redbrown.
M. winterae. Reproduction of Boedeker's original illustration (1929).





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